Landmark Negligence Cases That Changed Personal Injury Law

6 November 2025

Toby Patrick

Want your article or story on our site? Contact us here

Success Starts with Choosing the Right Business for You

Guy Fawkes, Dick Turpin and the Hidden Histories of York

The Lip King: We Need To Take Action On Unlicensed Practitioners

Personal injury law is vital for those who have suffered from negligence or a lack of care with their injury and therefore seek compensation. Over time, several landmark cases have completely transformed personal injury law. Below, we look at some of the key cases that have shaped modern legal principles and how they continue to impact lives today.

Classical building with ornate columns and statues under a cloudy sky. Weathered stone and detailed sculptures convey a historic feel.

Palsgraf vs Long Island Railroad Co. (1928)

One of the oldest and most famous cases in personal injury law is the claim of Helen Palsgraf against Long Island Railroad Co. In this case, Helen was injured when a package containing fireworks exploded on the railroad tracks. The explosion occurred as railway employees were assisting a man boarding a train.

Helen Palsgraf sued for her injuries, which led to a major debate over liability. The court ultimately ruled that the railroad company was not liable, as the harm was not foreseeable. This decision introduced the concept of foreseeability into the doctrine of negligence, emphasising that liability depends on whether harm is a reasonably predictable consequence of the defendant’s actions.

Donoghue vs Stevenson (1932)

Another landmark case from the early 1930s, this one transformed personal injury law across the world. May Donoghue became ill after drinking a bottle of ginger beer that contained a decomposed snail. Although her friend purchased the drink, Donoghue sued the manufacturer, Stevenson, for damages.

The court concluded that Stevenson had a duty of care to ensure the safety of their products, even without direct contact between the manufacturer and consumer. This case established the modern principle of negligence and influenced similar legal doctrines internationally.

Baker v. City of St. Louis (1967)

In this case, Baker sued the City of St. Louis after being injured while attempting to board a bus. He argued that the city failed to ensure proper maintenance of its buses and adequate training of drivers. The city claimed sovereign immunity, meaning it could not be sued.

However, the court ruled that the city could be held liable under the doctrine of negligence. This case reshaped the modern understanding of government liability, ensuring that cities cannot rely on sovereign immunity when negligence or personal injury is involved.

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Although best known as a landmark decision in reproductive rights, Roe v. Wade also had implications for personal injury and medical law. Jane Roe challenged Texas laws that prohibited abortion, arguing for her right to privacy.

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the constitutional right to privacy extended to a woman’s decision to have an abortion. While primarily focused on bodily autonomy, the case reinforced the importance of medical rights and personal safety, principles closely related to personal injury and negligence law.

Berg v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance Co. (1978)

In this case, Berg sought compensation from Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company under his insurance policy. The dispute centred on how the company interpreted policy coverage. The court ruled that insurance companies cannot deny coverage to victims based on technicalities or unclear wording, describing such behaviour as professional negligence.

This case transformed the way insurance contracts are written, reinforcing the need for fairness and transparency between insurers and policyholders.

McDonald’s Hot Coffee Case: Liebeck v. McDonald’s (1994)

Perhaps the most famous personal injury case of all time, this lawsuit involved Stella Liebeck, who suffered third-degree burns after spilling hot coffee purchased from McDonald’s. She was hospitalised and incurred serious medical expenses.

The jury found that McDonald’s had acted with gross negligence by serving coffee at a dangerously high temperature. The case sent shockwaves through the legal and corporate world, leading to stronger consumer protection laws and the introduction of visible safety warnings on hot beverage containers.

It also sparked global debate about corporate responsibility, personal accountability and public perception of compensation claims.

Summary

Personal injury law continues to evolve through court decisions that balance fairness, duty of care and responsibility. From the snail in the bottle to the coffee cup warning, each case has shaped how we understand negligence and justice in everyday life.

While not every claim succeeds, these landmark rulings have transformed the modern legal landscape, ensuring that individuals and institutions are held accountable for the safety and well-being of others.

Current Most Read

The Stars of a Christmas Dinner

Paul Francis
Dec 12, 2024
3 min read

Ah, Christmas! The day when diets are forgotten, stretchy trousers reign supreme, and the dinner table groans under the weight of a veritable feast. Let’s dive into seven of the most popular items gracing the plates of Christmas dinners across the UK. And, of course, we’ll explore the delicious variations that keep family traditions alive and well.

1. The Turkey – The Christmas Dinner Main Event

The golden, roasted turkey is the undisputed star of most Christmas dinners. Whether you opt for a whole bird, a crown, or a stuffed breast, there are countless ways to make it your own. Some families wrap it in bacon, while others inject it with a sage and butter marinade. Don’t forget the crispy skin – the ultimate chef’s treat! For those who find turkey a tad dry, brining has become a game-changer, while others might swap turkey for goose or duck to mix things up.

2. Roast Potatoes – The Crispy King

If there’s one side dish that could rival turkey’s crown, it’s roast potatoes. Crispy on the outside, fluffy on the inside, these golden beauties are a Christmas essential. Whether cooked in goose fat, olive oil, or beef dripping, they’re all about achieving that perfect crunch. Some sprinkle rosemary or thyme, while others go rogue with parmesan and garlic. And let’s be honest, everyone argues over who gets the crunchiest bits.

3. Good Gravy – The Unsung Hero

Gravy might not get the glamour shots, but it’s the glue holding the whole dinner together. Rich, meaty, and brimming with flavour, it’s the saviour of dry turkey and the perfect accompaniment for roasties. While classic turkey drippings form the base, some add a splash of sherry, redcurrant jelly, or even Marmite for a deep umami kick. Just don’t skimp – there’s nothing worse than running out of gravy halfway through.

4. Pigs in Blankets – The Snackable Side

Mini sausages wrapped in crispy bacon: could there be a more delightful duo? Pigs in blankets are often the first thing to disappear from the table. Some adventurous cooks experiment with maple-glazed bacon or add a herby twist with sage leaves tucked inside. Others elevate them to a main course by making giant versions or wrapping them in puff pastry for a festive sausage roll vibe.

5. Yorkshire Puddings – A Northern Treat Gone National

While traditionally served with roast beef, Yorkshire puddings have secured their spot at Christmas dinners everywhere. The key to perfection? A hot oven, sizzling oil, and a batter that’s whisked until your arm aches. Some families make them the size of dinner plates and use them as edible bowls for gravy. Whether big or bite-sized, they’re a showstopper.

6. Sprouts with Bacon – A Modern Revival

Brussels sprouts have had a major glow-up in recent years. Gone are the days of soggy, boiled nightmares. Today, they’re roasted, pan-fried, or even deep-fried. Adding bacon (or pancetta for the posh crowd) takes them to the next level, while chestnuts or a drizzle of honey can add a touch of sweetness. For a crunchier twist, sprinkle them with toasted cashews or almonds.

7. Stuffing – The Flavour Bomb

Stuffing comes in many guises, but the two main camps are sausage meat stuffing and sage and onion. Both have their merits! Sausage meat is rich and indulgent, often spiked with cranberries or apricots for a sweet touch. Sage and onion is lighter but packed with herby goodness. Some adventurous cooks experiment with chestnuts, apples, or even black pudding. Whatever the recipe, stuffing is a must-have.

No matter how you serve these Christmas classics, they’re sure to bring joy to your table. Just don’t forget to save room for dessert…