Watching From the Outside: Why Some Are Drawing Uncomfortable Parallels With America’s Direction

28 January 2026

Paul Francis

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From the outside looking in, the United States feels tense in a way that is hard to ignore. Recent news has heightened that sense even further. On 24 January 2026, federal immigration agents fatally shot 37-year-old ICU nurse Alex Pretti during an operation in Minneapolis. Pretti was a lawful gun owner and had no significant criminal record, but video footage circulating online shows him recording officers with his phone and attempting to help a woman before being pepper-sprayed, wrestled to the ground and shot multiple times by agents. His death came amid a broader surge in immigration enforcement actions in the city that has sparked widespread protests and national debate about the use of force and accountability.

Police officers in black riot gear stand in formation on cobblestone street, holding batons, creating a tense and serious mood.

The killing of Pretti, who was widely remembered by colleagues and neighbours as compassionate and dedicated to his work, has drawn sharp criticism from civil rights groups, local officials and even former U.S. presidents. Public anger has spread beyond Minneapolis to rallies in other American cities and ongoing demands for transparency and reform.

For many people overseas, including in the UK, this adds a stark, human dimension to long-standing debates about immigration enforcement, executive power, and the use of force by federal agents.

Historical Echoes and Patterns of Enforcement

What unsettles observers most is not a superficial comparison to the worst chapters of history, but the processes that unfold when state power is exercised with increasing visibility and limited accountability. In the early 1930s in Germany, for example, enforcement and security agencies were expanded, rhetoric framed certain groups as threats to public order, and legal mechanisms were adapted gradually in the name of national security. Before the worst atrocities occurred, many citizens still believed institutions would hold firm.

The parallels some are drawing today are about how language, enforcement and public perception can shift over time, not about equating present-day events with the horrors of the Holocaust or claiming that history is bound to repeat itself. Democracies do not erode overnight. They do so when extraordinary measures become normalised and when fear is used as justification for expanding state authority.

Immigration Enforcement and Public Fear

The focus on agencies such as U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the Border Patrol under the current administration has made enforcement part of everyday conversation in a way that was once reserved for national security crises. Actions such as raids, aggressive detentions, and high-profile shootings like the deaths of Pretti and Renee Good earlier this month have drawn comparisons to historical moments when internal policing exerted extraordinary authority over civilians.

From the outside, this visibility of enforcement is unsettling. In situations where armed federal agents are deployed in large numbers to American cities, and when deaths occur in contested circumstances, the tendency is for commentators and historians to look back at how other societies responded to similar shifts in state behaviour and to ask whether existing checks and balances are sufficient.

Rhetoric and the Framing of Threats

Language plays a powerful role in shaping public opinion and policy. In the early 20th century Europe, political leaders increasingly used rhetoric that framed certain groups as dangerous or incompatible with national identity. This language made previously unthinkable policies acceptable to a broad public.

In the U.S. context, political rhetoric around immigration has in some quarters suggested that foreign nationals or dissenters pose existential threats. Critics argue that such language sets the tone for enforcement actions that might otherwise be widely criticised.

The Legal System and Incremental Change

One of the most important lessons from modern history is that authoritarian systems often emerge through the reinterpretation or expansion of existing laws, rather than through the overt suspension of democratic systems. Courts, legislatures, and enforcement agencies remain in place in the United States, but when emergency powers or discretionary enforcement are normalised, the public’s trust in institutions can be eroded.

These concerns are not hypothetical. Critics have pointed out that the legal frameworks governing immigration enforcement give federal agencies enormous discretion. When enforcement is paired with aggressive tactics in civilian urban environments, it raises questions about oversight, accountability and the protection of civil liberties.

Why Observers Abroad Are Paying Attention

The United States has long been seen as a beacon of democratic values, a country where civil liberties and the rule of law are central to national identity. From the UK and Europe, watching developments in Minneapolis and across the U.S. feels significant precisely because it tests that assumption.

Modern communication accelerates polarisation and magnifies every incident. Historical memory informs how we interpret patterns. Europe’s twentieth-century experience serves as a backdrop that makes observers sensitive to early indicators of democratic erosion, such as expanded enforcement powers, heightened rhetoric about internal threats, and the normalisation of force against civilians.

It is not that the United States today mirrors Germany of the 1930s in outcome or intent. The difference lies in context, institutions and culture. What resonates is not the specific ideology, but the processes by which states can extend authority, restrict dissent, and normalise exceptional measures in the name of order.

A Cautionary Perspective

What worries many observers is not that a totalitarian system is inevitable. Democracies are resilient and multifaceted. The U.S. still has strong independent courts, vibrant civil society and free media. But history teaches that complacency is dangerous. Democracies do not disappear because people want tyranny. They erode when early warning signs are dismissed as exaggeration.

From Minneapolis to broader immigration enforcement debates, what is happening in the United States prompts reflection on how democratic societies balance security, liberty and accountability. From the outside, that balance feels more fragile than many expected.

And in a world where U.S. domestic policy often influences global norms, those questions matter far beyond America’s borders.

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Is it real or fake?

Ai generated image of an Alien looking at a mobile phone

According to a study by Ofcom, approximately 45% of adults in the UK believe they encounter fake news daily, highlighting a concerning trend exacerbated by the growing reliance on social media platforms for news consumption. The proliferation of fake news, characterized by its dissemination of inaccurate or deliberately false information across media outlets and social platforms, poses significant risks to public perception and information integrity.

The Emergence and Impact of Fake News

The term "fake news," though formally recognized by the Oxford English Dictionary in 2019, gained prominence during Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign. However, its roots stretch back to the 19th century, indicating a longstanding challenge in navigating misinformation. With traditional news consumption declining, social media has emerged as a primary news source, facilitating the rapid dissemination of fake news to millions with a button, underscoring the dangers inherent in uncritical news sharing.

The Influence of Fake News on Public Perception

Richard Bowyer, Senior Lecturer in Journalism at the University of Derby, emphasizes the detrimental impact of fake news on journalism's credibility. In an era where virtually anyone can publish news, particularly on social media platforms, distinguishing fact from fiction becomes increasingly challenging. The erosion of public trust in news sources and distorted perceptions of reality underscores the far-reaching consequences of fake news dissemination.

Corporate Responsibility and Government Intervention

While combatting fake news is a collective responsibility, tech giants like Google, Facebook, and Twitter play a crucial role in curbing its spread. Facebook introduced reporting and flagging tools in response to mounting criticism, while Google launched initiatives supporting journalism and implemented tools to identify misinformation. However, addressing fake news requires a collaborative effort, with government intervention essential in promoting news literacy and encouraging critical thinking among citizens. As Richard asserts, the future of news organizations hinges on trust and quality journalism, emphasizing the importance of reliable, accurate reporting in combating the proliferation of fake news.

AI Generated image with fake news showing on a mobile phone

Combatting Misinformation Amidst Crisis

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the spread of fake news, with misinformation posing significant threats to public health and psychological well-being. Misleading advice and conspiracy theories circulating online underscore the urgency of addressing misinformation during crises. Government initiatives and independent organizations, like Full Fact in the UK, play crucial roles in debunking myths and promoting accurate information. However, the scale of the problem necessitates ongoing efforts to counter the spread of fake news and mitigate its impact on society.

Strategies for Identifying Fake News

Stopping the spread of fake news necessitates equipping individuals with the tools to identify it. Experts recommend several strategies, including verifying information sources, cultivating a critical mindset, and fact-checking quotes and images. By fostering news literacy and encouraging scepticism, individuals can mitigate the impact of fake news on society, ultimately safeguarding the integrity of information dissemination in the digital age.

In conclusion, the prevalence of fake news in the digital age poses profound challenges to society, threatening public trust, and distorting perceptions of reality. Addressing this issue requires collective action from individuals, tech companies, and governments to promote news literacy, encourage critical thinking, and combat misinformation effectively. By working together, we can navigate the complexities of the digital information landscape and uphold the integrity of information dissemination in the modern era.