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Designing the Multi-Functional Football Stadium of the 21st Century

Designing the Multi-Functional Football Stadium of the 21st Century

12 December 2025

Toby Patrick

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Football stadiums in the UK used to be built for the sole purpose of sitting down for 90 minutes to watch your favourite team win. In the origin of football, early grounds often featured wooden terraces and rudimentary stands, prioritising maximum spectator capacity over comfort or complex design. However, modern football has completely changed the way stadiums are designed, as they now use mass-produced steel and reinforced concrete to make them feel larger than life.


Illuminated stadium at night with a filled crowd, surrounding cityscape in shadow. Bright field center stage, mood is vibrant and dynamic.

Clubs and developers are now designing stadiums as multi-functional structures for urban regeneration and year-round revenue. The goal is to maximise the return on investment (ROI) by transforming the traditional stadium into a place where multiple forms of entertainment can happen. We have seen more stadiums being used for concerts and exhibitions, making it about more than just football. Some say this is for the better, while others think it's for the worst.


This guide will explore how football stadiums of the 21st century are designed to be multi-functional, as they prioritise modern practices and state-of-the-art technology. Continue reading to learn more.


Multi-Purpose Adaptability

Modular Systems

Having modular systems in a football stadium has influenced the multi-use design. The Tottenham Hotspur Stadium is a prime example of this with their new retractable natural grass pitch that slides out to reveal a synthetic field underneath. This allows the stadium to host other major sporting events like NFL games with a fresh field under the football pitch. It has also been designed to host concerts and motor sports, all without compromising the surface for their Premier League and cup games.


Convertible Seating

Stadiums now feature seating systems and telescopic stands that can be reconfigured with different settings. This allows for adjusting steepness and capacity to optimise sightlines for different event types, making the venue feel intimate for a small concert or vast for a major final to make it feel more grand.


Zoned Hospitality

Premium spaces and concourses are designed with movable partitions and reconfigurable furniture, allowing them to transform seamlessly from matchday corporate suites into conference rooms or exhibition spaces. The goal is to ensure that these premium zones are used for a large range of events, which can boost the stadium's profitability so the costs it takes to build it is worth it.


New Technology

High Connectivity

High-speed 5G connectivity is now non-negotiable, supporting thousands of concurrent connections. This powers mobile fan apps for digital ticketing, contactless payments, in-seat concession ordering and immersive experiences like augmented reality (AR) overlays that display live player stats when a fan points their phone at the pitch. This new technology is very mouth-watering for stadium owners who want to create the best experience for their fans.


Immersive Visuals and Sound

New stadiums tend to have massive 4K video boards to provide better visibility for those in the seat furthest away from the action. Adaptive acoustic engineering uses retractable panels and directional speaker systems to adjust reverberation time. This improves the sound quality, so fans feel immersed in the action like never before.


Operational Intelligence

IoT sensors and AI analytics are used behind the scenes to monitor and optimise crowd flow, predict queue wait times and adjust lighting systems based on real-time occupancy. This can maximise energy efficiency in the stadium, as well as give fans a better place to sit in as they watch their favourite football match.


Sustainability Practices

Energy Conservation

Many modern venues aim for green building certifications. This involves integrating on-site renewable energy sources, such as solar panels on the roof or canopy. While Forest Green Rovers have a very small stadium, it has been built to be completely eco-friendly. Advanced water management systems can also be installed and these include rainwater harvesting for pitch irrigation and low-flow fixtures throughout the facility.


Material and Machinery Selection

Designers prioritise materials with low embodied carbon, such as recycled steel and sustainably-sourced timber for lightweight roofing. Using machinery like scissor lift hire has been very popular when designing new stadiums, which are now made to use less emissions so stadium owners can reduce their carbon footprint. These machines also help keep engineers safe while working at height.


Urban Integration

There are some new stadiums across Europe that operate as public parks, community sports facilities and retail spaces during the off season and non-event days. This improves the relationship with the local community and provides year-round employment for those in the area. If you’re already a fan of your local team, this can only make your heart grow fonder for it.


Stadiums like the Allianz Arena in Munich have a design focused equally on football, with the adaptability for large-scale concerts, fully embracing the multi-functional mandate. The 21st-century stadium ensures it plays a crucial role in the world of football, while improving the urban landscape and economic health of the city it calls home.


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Low waste living

  • Writer: ITK Magazine
    ITK Magazine
  • Aug 12, 2024
  • 3 min read
The health of our planet was a hot topic before Covid-19 came along and moved our priorities to the health of the entire human race.

Green Recycling Bin against a Red gradient background.

You can’t have missed those videos (or Attenborough’s TV shows) that show sea creatures getting caught up and sometimes killed from the plastic waste swimming about their ocean environments. Even on land, the impact of our plastic waste—whether this is an empty drinks bottle thrown carelessly into the countryside, or the huge mounds of plastic in landfills—can devastate fragile eco-systems and cause damage to living creatures as well as the environment. Plastic in rivers can cause them to become blocked and each item of plastic waste takes 400 years to degrade.


Disposable plastics is a relatively new phenomenon. Our parents’ and especially our grandparents’ generations used glass bottles for milk and pop, for example, which were returned to the manufacturer for reuse/refilling.


There are plenty of places today where you can buy milk, cream and orange juice in glass bottles, which are much easier to recycle than plastic. For coffee lovers, consider taking your own flask or refillable cup into coffee shops for your morning latte, and for those who like to have water with them throughout the day, buy a metal flask that can be continually refilled.


On a similar note, look at reducing the amount of plastic packaging you throw away. There are outlets that allow you to weigh out how much you need of a certain directly into your own containers. These ‘weigh your own’ shops offer cereals, grains, rice and other foodstuffs.


Blue handkerchief on a blue wooden background

Use a handkerchief

Anything disposable is a bad idea, even paper. When you’re suffering from the sniffles, take a pack of cloth handkerchiefs to work with you. Not only will these be less abrasive on your poor, sore nose, they can be washed in the washing machine to be used again. 


If you know that you’re going to visit a fast-food joint, dampen a few handkerchiefs and pop them into a plastic food bag (which can be washed and reused each time). You can then wipe the kids’ faces and hands after they’ve finished as effectively as using a baby/hand wipe, but without damaging the environment. Disposable wipes take around 100 years to decompose.



Buy only the food you need

Basket of Fresh Food

Food waste is a huge issue. The amount of food we throw away each year runs into many tonnes, yet we have people amongst us starving or suffering from malnutrition. 


Adding food waste to our landfill is simply unnecessary, and its impact on the environment goes further than this. Because we’ve become accustomed to having every type of food available all year round, rather than eating food of the season that has been produced within the UK, we import a vast amount of food from other countries. The associated air miles and carbon footprint of this indulgence have a detrimental effect on the environment.


Menu planning is one way to cut down on food waste, because you’re more likely to just purchase the food you need. Resist two-for-one offers—particularly on fruit, vegetables and items with short use-by dates—if you’re unlikely to consume all the food before it passes its best. 


Consider creating a compost heap in a spare corner of the garden. Egg shells, fruit and veg peelings, teabags and ground coffee beans all biodegrade to make a rich compost for your plants. Much better being put to use in your garden than adding to the mound of waste at your nearest landfill site.


Use natural cleaners

The various chemicals from all the different cleaning solutions on the market eventually go back into our water supply, which needs more treating to become drinkable again. 


There are numerous ‘recipes’ online for cleaning solutions that can be made from natural ingredients, such as distilled vinegar, bicarbonate of soda, lavender, lemon and salt. Such elements are not pollutants and don’t contaminate our water like most artificial chemicals.


These are simple actions that can help you do your bit for the environment. If we all practised them, we could, perhaps, slow the damage to our planet

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