Landmark Negligence Cases That Changed Personal Injury Law

6 November 2025

Toby Patrick

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Personal injury law is vital for those who have suffered from negligence or a lack of care with their injury and therefore seek compensation. Over time, several landmark cases have completely transformed personal injury law. Below, we look at some of the key cases that have shaped modern legal principles and how they continue to impact lives today.

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Palsgraf vs Long Island Railroad Co. (1928)

One of the oldest and most famous cases in personal injury law is the claim of Helen Palsgraf against Long Island Railroad Co. In this case, Helen was injured when a package containing fireworks exploded on the railroad tracks. The explosion occurred as railway employees were assisting a man boarding a train.

Helen Palsgraf sued for her injuries, which led to a major debate over liability. The court ultimately ruled that the railroad company was not liable, as the harm was not foreseeable. This decision introduced the concept of foreseeability into the doctrine of negligence, emphasising that liability depends on whether harm is a reasonably predictable consequence of the defendant’s actions.

Donoghue vs Stevenson (1932)

Another landmark case from the early 1930s, this one transformed personal injury law across the world. May Donoghue became ill after drinking a bottle of ginger beer that contained a decomposed snail. Although her friend purchased the drink, Donoghue sued the manufacturer, Stevenson, for damages.

The court concluded that Stevenson had a duty of care to ensure the safety of their products, even without direct contact between the manufacturer and consumer. This case established the modern principle of negligence and influenced similar legal doctrines internationally.

Baker v. City of St. Louis (1967)

In this case, Baker sued the City of St. Louis after being injured while attempting to board a bus. He argued that the city failed to ensure proper maintenance of its buses and adequate training of drivers. The city claimed sovereign immunity, meaning it could not be sued.

However, the court ruled that the city could be held liable under the doctrine of negligence. This case reshaped the modern understanding of government liability, ensuring that cities cannot rely on sovereign immunity when negligence or personal injury is involved.

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Although best known as a landmark decision in reproductive rights, Roe v. Wade also had implications for personal injury and medical law. Jane Roe challenged Texas laws that prohibited abortion, arguing for her right to privacy.

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the constitutional right to privacy extended to a woman’s decision to have an abortion. While primarily focused on bodily autonomy, the case reinforced the importance of medical rights and personal safety, principles closely related to personal injury and negligence law.

Berg v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance Co. (1978)

In this case, Berg sought compensation from Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company under his insurance policy. The dispute centred on how the company interpreted policy coverage. The court ruled that insurance companies cannot deny coverage to victims based on technicalities or unclear wording, describing such behaviour as professional negligence.

This case transformed the way insurance contracts are written, reinforcing the need for fairness and transparency between insurers and policyholders.

McDonald’s Hot Coffee Case: Liebeck v. McDonald’s (1994)

Perhaps the most famous personal injury case of all time, this lawsuit involved Stella Liebeck, who suffered third-degree burns after spilling hot coffee purchased from McDonald’s. She was hospitalised and incurred serious medical expenses.

The jury found that McDonald’s had acted with gross negligence by serving coffee at a dangerously high temperature. The case sent shockwaves through the legal and corporate world, leading to stronger consumer protection laws and the introduction of visible safety warnings on hot beverage containers.

It also sparked global debate about corporate responsibility, personal accountability and public perception of compensation claims.

Summary

Personal injury law continues to evolve through court decisions that balance fairness, duty of care and responsibility. From the snail in the bottle to the coffee cup warning, each case has shaped how we understand negligence and justice in everyday life.

While not every claim succeeds, these landmark rulings have transformed the modern legal landscape, ensuring that individuals and institutions are held accountable for the safety and well-being of others.

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Unveiling the Traditions and Origins of Boxing Day - A Post-Christmas Celebration

Ellie Waiton
Dec 19, 2023
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White text saying BOXING DAY on a wooden table with some Christmas presents in the corner

Boxing Day is a celebrated holiday originating in Great Britain, observed not only there but also in several Commonwealth nations. Falling on December 26th, this day is marked by unique traditions and activities that have evolved over time.

When is Boxing Day?

Traditionally, Boxing Day occurs on December 26th, but if this date falls on a weekend, the associated bank holiday or public holiday is observed on December 28th to ensure it aligns with a weekday.

Where Did Boxing Day originate from?

The origins of Boxing Day trace back to the Victorian era. During Queen Victoria's reign, it became a day of philanthropy and appreciation. Wealthy individuals would pack items they no longer needed into boxes, generously gifting them to the less fortunate. Servants were granted a well-deserved day off and were often presented with a special box of treats as a token of gratitude for their hard work.

Why is it called Boxing Day?

One theory suggests that the name comes from the practice of boxing up gifts for easier transportation. Another theory revolves around opening alms boxes in churches during the holiday season to collect money for the impoverished.

Left over Christmas Food on a paper plate

How do people celebrate Boxing Day?

In England, Boxing Day is marked by a tapestry of traditions and activities that foster a festive spirit:

Family Gatherings: Families come together to share meals and enjoy each other's company, continuing the holiday cheer.

Sports and Outdoor Activities: Many embrace the outdoors with long walks, hikes, and traditional sports like football and horse racing.

Charity Events: Reflecting its historical roots, some individuals and communities engage in charitable activities, such as volunteering or organising fundraising events.

Shopping Traditions: Boxing Day has transformed into a shopping holiday, featuring significant discounts. Retailers offer sales, and bargain hunters seize the opportunity to score discounted goods.

Entertainment: Emphasising relaxation, people indulge in various forms of entertainment, from watching movies to playing games.

Leftover Feasts: The day continues the joy of Christmas feasts, with families savouring delicious leftovers and sharing culinary delights.

Boxing Day, with its rich history and diverse celebrations, has evolved into a day that blends generosity, outdoor activities, and modern shopping traditions. It stands as a unique post-Christmas celebration that brings people together in the spirit of giving and merriment.